基于声弹理论的地应力超声测量方法

首先描述岩石的声弹理论,给出岩石的应力与弹性波波速之间的理论关系;其次利用岩石应力与弹性波波速之间的理论关系提出地应力超声测量方法,即通过测量套孔应力解除前后的孔壁超声波波速的变化,利用声弹理论反演出地应力。通过数值算例讨论地应力对孔壁超声波速的影响,其结果表明,该方法可以有效地确定地应力的大小和方向。     

火灾工程在厦门翔安隧道项目中的应用

近年来,许多国家都发生了不同程度的公路隧道火灾事故,在国际上引起了广泛的关注。因此,火灾工程分析方法在国际隧道防火设计上的应用越来越普遍。通过引入可维生环境的设计概念,当隧道内发生火灾时,利用纵向通风模式达到满足隧道内人员疏散逃生要求的目的。厦门翔安隧道是国内第1条大断面海底隧道,全长约9 km,海底隧道长5.95 km。本文首先分析了厦门翔安隧道的特点,然后引入了国际上常用的进行火灾工程分析所使用的可维生环境概念,最后对该工程进行了火灾模拟分析。假定隧道内发生火灾的最大释热量为30 MW,分析后发现设计单位采用的2.5 m/s临界风速不能满足火灾工况下的烟控要求,烟气有回流现象发生。因此建议临界风速由2.5 m/s提高到3.0 m/s,确保烟气能被有效控制以保证隧道防火安全。在纵向风速为3.0 m/s的情况下,分析了火灾发展不同时刻的可维生环境参数,确保隧道内人员能安全疏散,从而提升厦门翔安隧道烟控、消防、防灾系统的整体设计水平。     

取样扰动引起土层剪切波速变化的试验研究

对3个工程场地土层的原位剪切波速和相同场地原状土样的室内剪切波速进行了比较试验，研究结果表明，随土性的不同，剪切波速的变化程度也不同。对于粘性土，两者测试结果一般相差在11％以内，个别相差达到13％左右：对于砂性土，室内测试结果一般偏小，相差在14％以内，最大相差达到20％。这些结果为依据室内剪切波速测试资料比较客观地评价原位土层剪切波速提供了客观依据，同时，也为评价取样过程对土样的扰动程度提供了一个定量的参考指标。     

重物高空坠落撞击多层钢筋混凝土楼板的仿真计算分析

本文针对重物高空坠落高速撞击钢筋混凝土楼（屋）盖时的结构损伤分析，根据弹塑性靶板理论以及动能守恒定理提出了一种计算板及周边梁中内力的简化手算算法。计算结果和现场实测资料吻合，说明该算法可以用于实际工程。     

小湾水电站岩石高边坡爆破振动速度安全阈值研究

在国内外有关岩石边坡爆破振动速度安全阈值研究成果的基础上,通过小湾水电站岩石高边坡爆破振动荷载下动力响应计算,由各阶边坡马道上的峰值动拉应力与质点峰值振动速度间的统计关系,按照极限拉应力准则,确定小湾水电站岩石高边坡爆破振动控制的合理部位及安全阈值。研究结果表明,岩石高边坡爆破振动控制的合理部位为开挖区上一台阶马道的内侧,其振动速度控制标准为10cm/s。     

Density effects on activated sludge zone settling velocities

A recently developed method to manipulate biomass density based on the addition of synthetic microspheres was used to isolate density effects on zone (hindered) settling velocities in samples from full-scale activated sludge plants over a range biomass densities and concentrations. Settling velocities increased by as much as a factor of five as density was increased by microsphere addition. The effects of density on the Vesilind sedimentation model parameters (V=V(o)e(-kX) , where V is the settling velocity, X is the biomass concentration, and V(o) and k are constants) were evaluated. The parameter V(o) was positively correlated with density for values greater than approximately 1.02 g/mL, while k values were approximately constant in this range. New models were developed for settling velocity as a function of both density and biomass concentration, and these may be useful for future incorporation with clarifier models to improve predictions of system performance, particularly when biomass characteristics known to affect density are variable, such as polyphosphate and nonvolatile suspended solids content.     

预测摩擦桩极限承载力的新方法

在桩极限端阻力、极限侧阻力与标准贯入击数的统计模型以及剪切波速度与标准贯入击数统计模型的基础上，建立了常见土质条件下桩极限侧阻力、极限端阻力与剪切波速度的相关模型。应用瞬态面波测试技术可快速地获取地下不同深度的剪切波速度值，从而提出了应用瞬态面波预测摩擦桩极限承载力的新方法。模型桩试验分析及实际工程应用表明，该方法具有良好的应用前景。     

Flow structure around a 3-D rectangular prism in a turbulent boundary layer

Flow around a three-dimensional (3-D) rectangular prism has been investigated by using a particle image velocimetry technique. The prism was immersed in a thick turbulent boundary layer. The ratio of the boundary layer thickness and the model height was about 0.06. Measurements were made at Reynolds number of 7.9×10³ which is based on free stream velocity and model height. Detailed flow structures and characteristics including three circulation zones were obtained by averaging over a large number of instantaneous velocity maps. The 3-D structure in a wake zone is clearly seen from mean flow streamline topology. Turbulent kinetic energy distribution is also obtained approximately. Maximum turbulent kinetic energy was found at the separated layer in the upper boundary of the separation bubble near the leading edge of a roof. The magnitude of the maximum energy is about 2.5 times that in the wake region.     

Measurements of gas velocities and temperatures in a large open pool fire

A number of measurements were made to help define the thermal and flow conditions in a 9 × 18 meter pool fire that was used to simulate a transportation accident. Temperatures were measured at twenty-eight locations throughout the continuous flame region. Velocities were measured at four vertical stations near the centerline of the pool. Heat fluxes were estimated from thermal measurements on and near vertical steel plates. As is often the case in fires of this size, the effects of mild, ambient winds on the measurements were pronounced. Attempts have been made to mitigate these effects by the application of conditional sampling. Temperatures and velocities are compared with other experimental results as well as results of modeling efforts.